Green Halloween Suggestions

With more people than ever planning to participate in Halloween, it is increasingly important to celebrate the occasion in a more environmentally aware fashion.


Costumes

Second hand costumes can be found at thrift stores. You can also trade in last year's ensemble for another second hand costume. This year the national non-profit initiative "Green Halloween" held the first annual National Costume Swap Day, taking place October 9th. Lynn Colwell, co-writer of Celebrate Green! Creating Eco-Savvy Holidays, Celebrations and Traditions for the Whole Family says they hope the event will encourage "people to swap instead of sending costumes to the landfills.”

Decorations

Green Halloween decorations can be made from reusable items that can be brought back out year after year. Perhaps the best approach involves using natural, biodegradable items like pumpkins, gourds and leaves. Make sure you compost your pumpkin and do not throw it into the trash. Use LED orange lights to decorate the outside of your home, they cost 80 percent less than incandescent lights and they use much less energy or use real candles in your jack o' lanterns.

Candy

Give your children pillowcases instead of plastic loot bags. Make your own treats like candy apples and use packaging that is not made of plastic.

Simple efforts like the ones outlined above go a long way when repeated often enough. It is also a great way to communicate the practical applications of environmental sustainability to your children.

Scary Halloween Consumer Statistics

One of the scariest parts of Halloween is the tons of non-biodegradable waste generated by wrappers, decorations and Halloween costumes.

Halloween is the second biggest decorating holiday of the year, surpassed only by Christmas. Halloween is also a major retail event that has grown substantially in recent years. In 2005 US, consumers spent approximately $3.29 billion on Halloween. In 2010, even after a deep recession, Americans are expected to spend $5.8 billion.

Consumers are spending increasing amounts of money on Halloween. According to the National Retail Federation, the average American consumer planned to spend $48.48 in 2005. According to the 2010 Halloween Consumer Intentions and Action Survey commissioned by the National Retail Federation (NRF), the average Halloween spending by Americans in 2010 is expected to be a little over $66.00 per adult. That's up from $56.31 spent in 2009.

Of the top four things that most people buy, three have a heavy environmental footprint. The first is candy, the problem here is the non-biodegradable packaging. The second most popular item people buy is pumpkins, properly composted, this is the best of the four from an environmental standpoint.

The two worst Halloween buys for the environment are decorations and costumes. Both are commonly made of plastic that do not break down. Plastics also contain endocrine-disrupting phthalates toxins including Bisphenolic Compounds like BPA.

In 2008, Halloween retail sales reached an all time high of nearly $6 billion nationwide. In 2009, as the effects of the recession set in consumers began making changes to their Halloween purchasing. Total spending on Halloween declined to $4.75 billion in 2009. Consumers expected to spend an average of $56.31 on Halloween in 2009, down from $66.54 in 2008.

Increased consumer frugality reduces Halloween's environmental impact. One 2009 survey reported that 46.5 percent of consumers said they would buy less candy and 35.4 percent said they would use less decorations. Almost two in ten people (16.8 percent) planned to make their own costumes instead of buying and 15.8 percent planned to reuse 2008 costumes.

In 2010, about 30 percent said economic concerns are affecting their spending plans. The 2010 survey reports that while consumers are continuing to be frugal, they are planning cutbacks in candy but not costumes. However, store bought costumes, particularly those made of plastic, are a big part of Halloween's footprint.

Two out of five Americans are planning to wear a costume in 2010, that is up from one-third last year. Four out of ten Americans are planning to spend an average of $23.37 for costumes. In the 18- to 24-year-old group nearly 70% (69.4%) are planning to wear a costume. A survey by National Retail Federation (NRF) showed that costumes will be the single largest expense.

About 11.5 percent of consumers are planning to dress up their pets for Halloween.

The Kochs' Mercatus Center and Environmental Deregulation

In the mid-eighties, the Koch family foundations provided millions of dollars to George Mason University to set up a conservative think tank. Now known as the Mercatus Center, it fights environmental regulation, opposes clean energy legislation, and resists effort to curb industrial pollution.

Koch foundations have contributed more than thirty million dollars to George Mason University and $1,442,000 has been given directly to the Mercatus Center.

The Mercatus Center is ground zero for deregulation policy in Washington. Much of their energy is devoted to environmental deregulation and their primary weapon is misinformation. They have also worked to undermine the Obama Presidency. Shortly after the stimulus bill was passed, the Mercatus Center released a report falsely claiming that stimulus funds had been directed disproportionately toward Democratic districts. Although the author was eventually forced to recant, the damage was done.

The link between Mercantus and the Kochs is irrefutable. The founder of the Mercatus Center is Richard Fink, he is currently executive vice president of Koch Industries and the head of Koch Industries' lobbying operation in Washington. Fink also retains a seat on the board of directors at the Mercantus Center.

Although the Mercatus Center promotes itself as “the world’s premier university source for market-oriented ideas—bridging the gap between academic ideas and real-world problems,” it is actually a conservative propaganda machine that serves the Kochs' corporate interests.


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The Kochs' Cato Institute's Climate Denial

The Cato institute is a libertarian think tank that creates and disseminates propaganda designed to undermine environmental legislation and regulation.

David and Charles Koch, the owners of Koch Industries, provided the funds to launch the Cato Institute. According to the Center for Public Integrity, between 1986 and 1993 the Koch family gave eleven million dollars to the institute.

When President Obama, described the science on global warming as “beyond dispute,” the Cato Institute took out a full-page ad in the Times to refute the President's statement. Cato’s scholars have consistently criticized attempts to stop global warming as expensive, ineffective, and unnecessary.

Cato scholars not only deny the science behind climate change they were active promoters of the Climategate scandal. One Cato scholar gave more than twenty media interviews on the alleged scandal. Although the scientists were cleared by five independent inquiries, the Cato institute has managed to cause many Americans to doubt their veracity.

Discrediting the scientific consensus on global warming is an important part of the Cato Institutes strategy of misinformation.


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Koch Industries War with the EPA

Koch Industries has been at war with the EPA for decades. Rather than accept the EPA's science based approach to managing climate change, Koch funds organizations that fabricate their own facts and publish propaganda papers that pose as credible academic information. Armed with a blatent disregard for the facts, Koch industries is fighting the EPA on initiatives ranging from efforts to reduce surface Ozone, to the classification of formaldehyde as a carcinogen.

Some truly absurd statements have come out of the Koch created think tank known as the Mercantus Center. In response to the EPA move to reduce surface ozone in 1997, Susan Dudley, a senior official at the Mercatus Center, argued that smog actually benefits humans because it reduces the incidence of skin cancer.

Koch Industries is taking on the EPA and they are mustering all the support they can buy to divest the agency of their regulatory powers.

Rather than pursue legislation that could force Koch Industries into line with the facts or protect the EPA from the Kochs' assaults, many members of the House and the Senate seem to share the Koch agenda.

Last June, forty-seven of the Senate's 100 senators voted to permanently strip the EPA of its power to regulate greenhouse gas emissions. Some legislators are planning another attempt at passing legislation that would suspend the EPA's regulation of greenhouse gases.

A good illustration of the scope of Koch Industries influence involves their resistance to the EPA's attempt to classify formaldehyde as a “known carcinogen.” Koch Industries has been lobbying to prevent this from happening. It is no coincidence that the company produces formaldehyde in great quantities.

The ownership of Koch Industries is not deterred by the experimental evidence indicating that formaldehyde causes cancer. When you are the owner of one of the world's most powerful corporations you wield tremendous power and you have access to the levers of power.

David Koch, the owner of Koch Industries, disagrees with the science on formaldehyde, and this is a point which he argues from his position on the National Cancer Advisory Board.


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Supreme Court and the Koch Brothers Clandestine War

A US Supreme Court ruling earlier this year is making it easier for large corporations like Koch Industries to influence political outcomes. The ruling is known as the Citizens United case, it struck down laws prohibiting direct corporate spending on campaigns.

Brothers David and Charles Koch are amongst the wealthiest men in America and they are also the owners of Koch Industries America's second largest corporation.

For decades the Kochs’ political network has been executing their ideological war against America, but until recently they have been operating under the radar. Koch industries directly funds Republican candidates across the country, but thanks to the Supreme Court ruling, the Koch brothers now have a covert means of channeling unlimited political influence.

President Obama has issued warnings about the dangers of the Supreme Court ruling. At a Democratic National Committee fund-raiser, in Austin, the President even mentioned a Koch founded and funded organization by the name of Americans for Prosperity. Despite denials from Koch Industries, Americans for Prosperity has been instrumental in the rise of the Tea Party.

The President said that the Supreme Court’s recent ruling had made it even easier for big companies to hide behind “groups with harmless-sounding names like Americans for Prosperity.”

Obama said, “They don’t have to say who, exactly, Americans for Prosperity are. You don’t know if it’s a foreign-controlled corporation”—or even, he added, “a big oil company.”


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Video Linking the Kochs' and the Tea Party

Video Linking the Kochs' and the Tea Party



Koch Industries has tried to distance itself from the Tea Party, but despite the company's denials there is considerable evidence linking the two.

In a carefully worded statement, Rich Fink, executive vice president of Koch Industries, said, “We have not provided funding to the tea party organizations which are being organized throughout the country and, until recently, we had never been approached by a tea party group for funding.‪ ‪We have publicly supported Americans for Prosperity Foundation since 1984 and Americans for Prosperity since 2004. We have never considered these institutions to be tea party organizations. Whether or not they are considered to be tea party organizations will not affect our support of them. We believe the tea party movement is a response to the growing frustration of many Americans to government overspending. We share these concerns and encourage citizens to express their opinions in a respectful and civil manner.”

However, information from a variety of sources indicate that there is a strong association between Koch Industries and the Tea Party. One of the most damning pieces of evidence comes from a new Internet documentary, [Astro]Turf Wars. The documentary includes a speech by David Koch, the owner of Koch Industries, delivered at a gathering of Americans for Prosperity, a group which he and his brother Charles founded. During the meeting, organizers proudly recognized a number of tea party activists.

Koch Industries directly contributes to the campaigns of Tea Party Republicans and through organizations like Americans for Prosperity, they also train Tea Party activists. It should come as no surprise that the same people who lie about climate change also lie about their links to the Tea Party.


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The Koch Brothers' No Climate Tax Pledge

Americans For Prosperity is the Koch founded and funded organization behind a misleading pledge known as the No Climate Tax Pledge. The pledge is designed to marry the unpopularity of tax hikes with efforts to find solutions to the climate change crisis.

Many Senate, House and Gubernatorial candidates have already signed the No Climate Tax pledge. See the list of signatories in the U.S. Senate, U.S. House of Representatives, Gubinatorial, and State/Municipal Officers.

Contract From America's full No Climate Tax Pledge reads as follows: I, ______________________, pledge to the taxpayers of the state of _______________ and to the American people that I will oppose any legislation relating to climate change that includes a net increase in government revenue. Click to download a PDF of the Pledge

Contract From America rejects cap-and-trade and resists regulations. "authorize the exploration of proven energy reserves" and "reduce regulatory barriers to all other forms of energy creation, lowering prices and creating competition and jobs."

Like Contract From America, the No Climate Tax Pledge, uses ideas that have some traction in the public and then they make misleading claims including scare tactics that prey upon people economic anxieties. Its a well known Republican trick that has fooled Americans for generations. Republicans may campaign on fiscal conservatism, but they do not practice it.

Through organizations like Americans For Prosperity, the Koch brothers and their Republican Tea Party candidates resist the very measures needed for America’s global competitiveness.

Koch Industries and the Republican party oppose action to limit global warming pollution and they even question the validity of climate science. When they are not denying the reality of climate change they are arguing that the costs of trying to manage will be too great. However, if greenhouse gases are left unchecked, climate scientists are predicting cataclysmic climatic events that will cripple our entire economic system.

The No Climate Tax Pledge is a popular idea, but it ultimately serves short term corporate agendas.


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The Kochs' Climate Science Denial

The Koch brothers not only fund groups that resist environmental policy, they also work to discredit climate science. The Kochs fund organizations that promote climate science skepticism including the Heritage Foundation.

Through coordinated campaigns of misinformation, denier organizations like the Heritage Foundation have been successful in increasing climate change skepticism in the US.

The reach of the Koch brothers influence extends in many directions including policy and education. Another Koch funded organization by the name of The Independent Women’s Forum, opposes the teaching of global warming in American public schools.

The Koch brothers diverse spheres of influence all serve the common goal of delaying the transition away from the old energy economy as long as possible. Given the overwhelming body of evidence supporting man-made global warming, denial is the only viable strategy to achieve this goal.

As reported in the New Yorker, David Koch said that he was unconvinced that global warming has been caused by human activity. Even if it has been, he said, the heating of the planet will be beneficial, resulting in longer growing seasons in the Northern Hemisphere. “The Earth will be able to support enormously more people because far greater land area will be available to produce food,” he said.

The Koch brothers deserve to be recognized for decades of dedicated environmental hostility. Most recently, their climate denial project's sinister spin has succeeded in introducing uncertainty despite the scientific and empirical certainty of global warming.

Thanks in part to coordinated campaigns of misinformation, a new group of Koch funded climate deniers will soon be defending the lie in the House and the Senate.


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Koch Industries War on Industry Oversight and Environmental Regulation

The Koch brothers are putting their immense resources to work in a clandestine push to realize their libertarian agenda. David Koch and his brother Charles are some of America's wealthiest people and Koch Industries is the second-largest private company in the country, earning approximately 100 billion per year.

This considerable fortune is being put to work to help the Kochs realize an agenda that includes abolishing taxes, eradicating social services, eliminating industry oversight and putting an end to environmental regulation.

It is no surprise that a company that does as much harm to the environment as the Kochs would want to avoid environmental regulation. Their criminal liability in the commission of a spate of environmental crimes dates back over 20 years. A 2010 study by the University of Massachusetts at Amherst’s Political Economy Research Institute named Koch Industries one of the top ten air polluters in the US. They are also one of the leading proponents of climate science denial.

The Koch brothers are funding Republicans and a wide range of organizations that fight legislation related to climate change. They are underwriters for a powerful network of foundations, think tanks, and political front groups. Some influential illustrations include the Institute for Justice which files lawsuits opposing regulation; the Institute for Humane Studies which publishes conservative position papers; and the Bill of Rights Institute, an organizations that promotes a conservative interpretation of the Constitution.

Charles Lewis, the founder of the Center for Public Integrity, a nonpartisan watchdog group, said, “The Kochs are on a whole different level. There’s no one else who has spent this much money. The sheer dimension of it is what sets them apart. They have a pattern of lawbreaking, political manipulation, and obfuscation. I’ve been in Washington since Watergate, and I’ve never seen anything like it. They are the Standard Oil of our times.”

Koch money can be found wherever there is organized opposition to Obama, even in "grassroots" organizations like the Tea Party. The Kochs are using all the instruments at their disposal to control policy and advance their corporate interests.


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The Kochs' Spending on Political Influence

Through a wide range of groups and organizations, the Koch brothers have used their extraordinary wealth to influence the levers of power.

In the third quarter of 2010, Koch Industries spent more than $2 million on federal lobbying efforts. Since January 2010, they have spent $6 million on lobbying. In all they have spent more than a hundred million dollars on right-wing causes that have arguably contributed to the Tea Party movement.

Public tax records show that between 1998 and 2008 the Charles G. Koch Charitable Foundation spent more than forty-eight million dollars. The Claude R. Lambe Charitable Foundation, another Koch controlled organization, spent more than twenty-eight million. In total the David H. Koch Charitable Foundation spent more than a hundred and twenty million.

Since 1998 Koch Industries has spent more than fifty million dollars on lobbying. Separately, the company’s political-action committee, KochPAC, has donated some eight million dollars to political campaigns, the vast majority of which went to Republicans.

So far in 2010, Koch Industries leads all other energy companies in political contributions, as it has since 2006. In addition, during the past dozen years the Kochs and other family members have personally spent more than two million dollars on political contributions.

In the second quarter of 2010, David Koch was the biggest individual contributor to the Republican Governors Association, with a million-dollar donation.

It is impossible to provide a complete summary of the Kochs use of money to influence politics, because much of the money is untraceable as federal tax law permits anonymous personal donations to politically active nonprofit groups.


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Koch Industries and the Tea Party's Corporate "Grassroots"

The Tea Party is an important part of the Koch brothers multi-pronged strategy to realize their self-serving version of social change.

As quoted in the New Yorker, David Koch said, “To bring about social change, [requires a strategy that is] vertically and horizontally integrated, from idea creation to policy development to education to grassroots organizations to lobbying to litigation to political action.” The project, he admitted, was extremely ambitious. “We have a radical philosophy,” he added.

On the weekend of July 4th, 2010, a summit was held to help Tea Party activists communicate their radical philosophy to America. It was called Texas Defending the American Dream and it was sponsored by a Koch organization known as Americans for Prosperity Foundation. Besides the requisite denunciations of President Obama, part of the summit was dedicated to "educating" Tea Party activists and "channeling" their political energy.

An advertisement cast the event as a populist uprising against vested corporate power. But this was a corporate event masquerading as a grassroots citizens movement.

The Kochs' involvement goes back beyond the Tea Party's inception. Today, various local branches of Americans For Prosperity help to direct Tea Party strategy and tactics.

Long before the Tea Party was born, The Koch brothers realized that they needed a mechanism to deliver their ideas to the street, and to attract the public’s support. The Kochs have been trying to develop a popular front to push forward their agenda for more than a quarter century. In 1984 David Koch created a group called Citizens for a Sound Economy, while they seemed like a grassroots movement, according to the Center for Public Integrity, it was sponsored principally by the Kochs, who provided $7.9 million between 1986 and 1993.

Although the Kochs use their capital to influence Republicans, the Citizens for a Sound Economy was a major foray into creating grassroots movements for social change, its objective was to rally voters behind their agenda.

With the Tea Party, the Kochs' social change experiment has come of age and their war on progressivism is now being served by a "grassroots" movement.


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