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Showing posts with label wasteful. Show all posts
Showing posts with label wasteful. Show all posts

Event - MENA Solid Waste Management Forum

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MENA Solid Waste Management Forum will take place on September, 15-17, 2013 in Abu Dhabi, UAE.

This event will provide participants with the perfect platform for knowledge sharing on sustainable solutions in developing best-in-class waste management strategies that are cost-effective and environmentally friendly.

Cutting waste is a great way to boost profit. Organizations that fail to comply with the regulations and policies will incur unnecessary financial losses. In response to the increasing demand for a better and effective waste management system, governments of the GCC and many organisations have unveiled multi-billion dollars investment plans to reduce the total volume of waste.

At this event you will find:
  • The latest insights into waste regulation and policy 
  • Innovative waste technologies
  • Waste collection, storage
  • Disposal and treatment techniques
Key Topics
  • EcoMENA will share an insight on MENA Waste Outlook by Reviewing Current State of Play and Challenges in Solid Waste
  • Supreme Council for Environment (Ministry of Bahrain) will highlight on Latest Updates of Waste Management System in the Kingdom of Bahrain
  • Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) of UK will be Zooming into England’s Waste Policies and Management Initiatives
  • Saipem will be presenting a case study on ESTIDAMA System that assist in Managing Waste during Construction and Operation of a Railway Depot
  • Al Futtaim Carillion will be sharing an insight on Waste Hierarchy to Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle Waste in Building a Sustainable Region
For more information click here.

© 2013, Richard Matthews. All rights reserved.

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Infographic - How Much Water Does Fracking Consume

Infographic - How Much Water Does Fracking Consume
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Fracking: A Tragic Waste of Water Resources

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The natural gas mining method known as hydraulic fracturing or "fracking" is another major source of water usage and a serious source of contamination. The EPA estimates one well in a coal bed can require anywhere from 200,000 litres to more than 1 million litres while a horizontal well in a shale formation can use between 7.5 million to 19 million litres of water.

The EPA estimates anywhere from 15 to 80 per cent of water is recovered. There are several ways of disposing of the water used in the process. It can be stored underground in impermeable injection wells that prevent it from leaking into the environment or in steel tanks or pits; recycled for use in another fracturing well; or treated and discharged back into the water supply. Because of its high salt content, the waste water is often also bought by municipalities for use in de-icing and dust suppression on roads.

Although the fluid used in fracking is mostly water, some acids, emulsifiers and other chemicals are added to make the water more viscous and effective at fracturing the rock. These include guar gum, boron, zirconium, titanium, iron and polyacrylamide.

Aside from such additives, the process of fracking also releases naturally occurring salts, metals, radioactive elements like barium and strontium and carcinogens like benzene.

Water use: the process uses large amounts of fresh or potable water. Waste disposal: space is needed to store the waste water safely; sometimes, this involves clearing trees or disrupting habitats. The waste water must be treated at facilities that critics say are not always equipped to remove the contaminants particular to hydro-fracking. Contamination: the fear is that the chemicals used and released during fracking contaminate drinking- and groundwater — either during the process itself or through the waste water that is recycled and used afterward. The substances released along with the natural gas can continuing leaking from the well for decades after the extraction process.

In addition to deleterious water impacts, fracking also causes air pollution and adds greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, even before the natural gas is burned in combustion engines. Some of the methane gas being extracted during fracking escapes or is vented at the well head during the process and contributes to greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, some people living near fracking wells have complained of noxious fumes that they say cause headaches, nausea and other symptoms and that they attribute to some of the substances released during fracking, such as benzene and toluene. The New York Times reported that parts of Texas where hydro-fracking is common have seen higher rates of asthma although these could not be directly attributed to the industry as the areas had high air pollution generally.

In 2011, researchers at Cornell University concluded that shale gas extraction through fracking causes enough emissions to give it a bigger greenhouse gas footprint than conventional gas or oil.

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