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Showing posts with label drinking. Show all posts

Infographic - How Much Water Does Fracking Consume

Infographic - How Much Water Does Fracking Consume

Fracking: A Tragic Waste of Water Resources

The natural gas mining method known as hydraulic fracturing or "fracking" is another major source of water usage and a serious source of contamination. The EPA estimates one well in a coal bed can require anywhere from 200,000 litres to more than 1 million litres while a horizontal well in a shale formation can use between 7.5 million to 19 million litres of water.

The EPA estimates anywhere from 15 to 80 per cent of water is recovered. There are several ways of disposing of the water used in the process. It can be stored underground in impermeable injection wells that prevent it from leaking into the environment or in steel tanks or pits; recycled for use in another fracturing well; or treated and discharged back into the water supply. Because of its high salt content, the waste water is often also bought by municipalities for use in de-icing and dust suppression on roads.

Although the fluid used in fracking is mostly water, some acids, emulsifiers and other chemicals are added to make the water more viscous and effective at fracturing the rock. These include guar gum, boron, zirconium, titanium, iron and polyacrylamide.

Aside from such additives, the process of fracking also releases naturally occurring salts, metals, radioactive elements like barium and strontium and carcinogens like benzene.

Water use: the process uses large amounts of fresh or potable water. Waste disposal: space is needed to store the waste water safely; sometimes, this involves clearing trees or disrupting habitats. The waste water must be treated at facilities that critics say are not always equipped to remove the contaminants particular to hydro-fracking. Contamination: the fear is that the chemicals used and released during fracking contaminate drinking- and groundwater — either during the process itself or through the waste water that is recycled and used afterward. The substances released along with the natural gas can continuing leaking from the well for decades after the extraction process.

In addition to deleterious water impacts, fracking also causes air pollution and adds greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, even before the natural gas is burned in combustion engines. Some of the methane gas being extracted during fracking escapes or is vented at the well head during the process and contributes to greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, some people living near fracking wells have complained of noxious fumes that they say cause headaches, nausea and other symptoms and that they attribute to some of the substances released during fracking, such as benzene and toluene. The New York Times reported that parts of Texas where hydro-fracking is common have seen higher rates of asthma although these could not be directly attributed to the industry as the areas had high air pollution generally.

In 2011, researchers at Cornell University concluded that shale gas extraction through fracking causes enough emissions to give it a bigger greenhouse gas footprint than conventional gas or oil.

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2012 World Water Week (Event)

The World Water Week in Stockholm is hosted and organized by the Stockholm International Water Institute (SIWI). The Professional Conference Organizer (PCO) is Congrex Sweden AB. Registration is required for all participants in the World Water Week. The online registration will be available here soon. Please note that registration for the various field visits and social events will be confirmed upon payment on a "first come - first served" basis.

Activities

Admittance to the World Water Week Programme and Abstract Volume Mayor's Reception at the City Hall (pre-registration is required) Stockholm Junior Water Prize Award Ceremony Stockholm Industry Water Award Ceremony Daily lunch - organic Daily coffee/tea breaks - Fairtrade Public Transportation Card (within City limits) Conference bag including notebook, map and water bottle Registration and welcome desk at Arlanda airport.

Registration fees

Full Week Fee SEK (incl. VAT) Registration before June 30: 6 000 (approx. 707 EUR) Between July 1 to August 19: 7 000 (approx. 824 EUR) On-site: 8 000 (approx. 942 EUR) Student Fee: 1 800 (approx. 212 EUR)

One Day Fee SEK (incl. VAT) Registration before June 30: 1 500 (approx. 177 EUR) Between July 1 to August 19: 1 800 (approx. 212 EUR) On-site: 2 100 (approx. 247 EUR) Student Fee: 500 (approx. 59 EUR)

SEK 100 = approx. USD 15, 58 /Euro 11, 77 as of May, 2012.

Welcome and Registration Desk (arrival hall of Terminal 5 at Arlanda Airport close to the Arlanda Visitor Center):

Saturday August 25 08:00-19:00
Sunday August 26 08:00-19:00
Monday August 27 08:00-15:00

On-site Registration (Stockholm International Fairs, Stockholmsmässan):

Saturday 25 August 15:00-17:00
Sunday 26 August 08:00-19:00
Monday 27 August 08:00-19:00
Tuesday 28 August 08:00-18:00
Wednesday 29 August 08:00-18:00
Thursday 30 August 08:00-18:00
Friday 31 August 08:00-15:00

English is the official language of the conference and will be used for all presentations and printed material. Simultaneous interpretation will not be available.

To register click here

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Water Pollution 2012 (Event)

On the 10th to the 12th of July, an event titled "Water Pollution 2012" will be held in Wessex, UK. This is the 11th International Conference in the series on Modelling, Monitoring and Management of Water Pollution. The meeting, which started in 1991, has always been very successful and provides a forum for the discussion and exchange of information between scientists, managers and academics from different areas of water contamination. The conference creates an international venue for interdisciplinary discussion and dissemination of work related to water quality and environmental problems caused by the increase of pollutant loads and the inappropriate management of water resources.

A worldwide increase in water demand for communities, industries and agriculture has placed great importance on water science and management practice. The future development of most countries will depend decisively upon how the increased demand for water will be satisfied, and how the economic and environmental costs for the demand will be met. The environmental problems caused by the increase of pollutant loads discharged into natural water bodies requires a framework based on scientific results for its regulation and control. The changes in water quality due to pollutant discharges allow for more efficient ways of controlling and treating waste loads.

For more information or to register click here.

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Building the Water Agenda 2012 (Event)

On the 9th to the 10th of July an event will take place at Chatham House in London, UK titled Building the Water Agenda. The opening session will outline the challenges associated with water and its links to other global policy agendas: climate change, economic growth, agriculture, environment, human needs and foreign policy. It will also address the challenges of addressing water security at policy levels and the concrete and tangible pathways for policy and action that are needed.


Session One Water Stress: the new global shocks

Water security is compromised by increasingly frequent extreme climate events. Both water stress and shock can cause disruption and humanitarian disaster. Water shocks can also disrupt the world’s increasingly interconnected production, trade and economic systems. Policymakers need to address both – but how?
  • What should be the political, institutional and business responses to high impact, low probability water shocks? 
  • How should governments and business balance the costs of resilience with the cost of response to and recovery from major water shocks? 
  • Who should pay? 
  • Are current and planned institutions and mechanisms for adaptation adequate to the challenge?  
Session Two Reframing Transboundary Water Politics
  • What role does transboundary water play in relationships between states? 
  • Where are the potential flashpoints for transboundary water conflicts? 
  • What factors contribute to conflict or co-operation on transboundary water? 
  • What policies and institutions can lead to agreements?  
Session Three Sectoral Competition for Water

Rapid increase in resource consumption by a growing world population and an expanding middle class is creating sectoral competition for resources.
  • How can governments balance human, environmental, and economic demands for water? How can water rights best be established? 
  • What data gaps are there on global water use? 
  • With highly interconnected resources, increased resource consumption can lead to a vicious cycle of resource depletion. How should governments and business address this? 
  • Projected global water use by energy source Where are the potential flashpoints between industrial and agricultural water use at national level? 
  • How can this be addressed at local level? 
  • What role can the private sector have in addressing inter-sectoral competition for water?  
Session FourNew Tools for Water Management

Policy, pricing and investment To be effective, water policy must operate at the global, regional, national, local and catchment levels, with linkages between each tier and between sectors (climate, food, energy, industry, environment, social).
  • What tools can make national action on water effective? 
  • What policy, governance and regulation is necessary for effective water management? 
  • What incentives, standards, pricing and market signals would enhance supply and demand side efficiencies on water? 
  • What financial innovations could manage water security risks? 
  • The respective roles of public and private finance in funding water infrastructure What potential is there for water rich countries to use water to boost their economic development?  
Session Five The New Global Water Agenda
  • What are the obstacles to building a global water agenda? 
  • Which is the right forum to create a high level global agenda on water? (G20, UNFCCC, Rio+20, World Water Forum). 
  • Which tools would support such an agenda? 
  • Should water be regarded as a global asset? 
  • If so, how can water be discussed, traded, or negotiated for? 
  • To what extent can the concept of embedded water be a tool for water governance? 
  • What institutions would need to be involved? 
  • Is national water management a precondition for building a global water agenda? 
  • Spillovers to water shock and stress are global, so global tools are needed. How can a global framework for water security be built? 
For more information or to register click here.


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Five Water Related Events (June and July 2012)

Managing Scarce Water Resources in London: On the 21st of June a conference on managing water resources will be held at the CIWEM in London. This event will explore the pressures on water resources over the next 40 years, and will examine the issues faced and the actions required by those who plan, manage, regulate and legislate. For more information or to register click here.

Ocean Energy 2012 in Brussels On June 26th and 27th Ocean Energy 2012 will be held in Brussels, Belgium. This conference offers an unparalleled opportunity to network with the leading policy makers, industrial players, supply chain partners, technology developers, utilities and investors. For more information or to register click here.

Surface Water Management 2012 in London: On June 28 and 29 a conference will be held on surface water management. It will take place at the CIWEM in London. This conference will set out a vision but also be rooted in demonstrating the practical delivery of projects from a wide variety of perspectives. For more information or to register click here.  

Building the Water Agenda: On the 9th and 10th of July a conference will be held on water policy will take place in London. The key issues to be addressed include the challenges facing water issues at policy level nationally and internationally. For more information or to register click here.  

Water Pollution 2012 - International Conference on Modeling, Monitoring and Management: On July 10 through 12 a conference called Water Pollution 2012 will be taking place at the Wessex Institute of Technology in New Forest, UK. This is the 11th International Conference on modeling, monitoring and management of water pollution. For more information or to register click here.

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World Oceans Day (NOAA)

TheBlu World Oceans Day

World Oceans Day in America

On World Oceans Day, people around the globe come together to celebrate our ocean and take action to protect it. The ocean not only makes our world livable, it provides us with food, water, commerce, recreation, and medicine. The ocean has suffered some serious blows lately: 90% of the big fish in the sea are gone, the gyres are filled with more plastic than previously estimated, the Deepwater Horizon disaster dumped 4.9 million barrels of oil into the Gulf of Mexico, and coastal dead zones from agricultural runoff are worse than ever.The ocean has definitely seen rough times lately, and World Oceans Day is a good opportunity to rally and start turning things around.

Most Americans would probably tell you that they support a healthy ocean—after all, the beach is one of our all-time favorite vacation spots. But how does the Nation as a whole feel about protecting the ocean? The Ocean Project’s ongoing survey http://theoceanproject.org/marketresearch of more than 30,000 Americans, both young and old confirm our gut feeling that Americans care about healthy oceans; and has further insight on what Americans think and feel about ocean conservation.

We don’t realize the ocean is in danger

Most Americans think that the ocean is healthy and “too vast” for individual action to have an impact. (The exception to this is in the wake of catastrophic events such as the Deep Water Horizon disaster. In fact, the American public believes that ocean waters bordering the US are significantly less imperiled than are “foreign” waters.  

We have short attention span

In the wake of the 2010 oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, the American public was very concerned about the health of the ocean, believing it to be threatened. But in a few short months (by Aug 2010 – four months after initial explosion), the level of concern was on the decline. We feel powerless to affect ocean environmental issues ‘My actions have little impact on ocean health.’ is the general sentiment when respondents are asked ‘In your opinion, how much of an impact can individual people have on solving our environmental problems?’. Even more troubling: 40% responded ‘None” or – “Not very much.’  

We think we’re green

In 2010, 22% considered themselves to be active in the environmental movement, and 57% said they were sympathetic but not active. We’ll change our buying habits to protect ocean health The American public expressed strong support for a willingness to change their seafood habits to protect and/or preserve an endangered species  

The children are indeed our future

Young people were the most knowledgeable about environmental ocean issues, and parents look to them for guidance when making green household decision-making. They also were overwhelmingly more likely to believe that the actions of individuals can make a difference!

It’s time to transform that concern and “green-friendliness” into action! Let us come together this June 8th and take action for our world ocean.

© 2012, Richard Matthews. All rights reserved.

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World Oceans Day 2012 Events

Every year, more people take action to celebrate and protect our planet’s ocean, which connects us all. Thanks to people like you approximately 400 events were held in 70 countries to celebrate World Oceans Day in 2011. This year will be even better with more great events taking place around the world and more people acting to protect our oceans.  Be a part of this global celebration by participating in one of many events to raise awareness and the ocean.

To view the events taking place for World Oceans Day see the interactive map by clicking here. Like the World Oceans Day Facebook page by clicking here.

© 2012, Richard Matthews. All rights reserved.

Related Posts
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World Oceans Day 2012

World Oceans Day is our planet’s biggest celebration of the ocean and it is held every year on June 8th. This year, the theme is "Youth: the Next Wave for Change." Take part in World Oceans Day events and activities and help protect our oceans throughout the year. It’s up to each one of us to help ensure that our ocean is protected and conserved for future generations.

Some facts about the world's oceans:
  • Generates most of the oxygen we breathe 
  • Helps feed us Regulates our climate 
  • Cleans the water we drink 
  • Offers us a pharmacopoeia of potential medicines 
  • Provides limitless inspiration
One of the greatest threats to oceans comes from acidification that is killing coral. These reefs are often called “rainforests of the sea”, they form some of the most diverse ecosystems on Earth. Although they occupy less than 0.1% of the world's ocean surface, they provide a home for 25% of all marine species.

We need World Oceans Day because it allows us to:
  • Change perspective – encourage individuals to think about what the ocean means to them and what it has to offer all of us with hopes of conserving it for present and the future generations. 
  • Learn - discover the wealth of diverse and beautiful ocean creatures and habitats, how our daily actions affect them, and how we are all interconnected. 
  • Change our ways – we are all linked to, and through, the ocean.
Oceans are indispensable to all life on the planet. Whether you live inland or on the coast we are all connected to the ocean.

Take the time to think about:
  • How the ocean affects you
  • How you affect the ocean
  • What you can do to protect the ocean
By addressing these issues you are acting as a caretaker of our ocean. Making small modifications to your everyday habits will greatly benefit our blue planet.

© 2012, Richard Matthews. All rights reserved.

Related Posts
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