Showing posts with label explained. Show all posts
Showing posts with label explained. Show all posts

Background of the IPCC's Latest Climate Report

On Friday, September 27, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the world’s foremost authority on climate change released the first part of AR5, its first big report in six years. The AR5 is a scientific inventory of the state of our knowledge on climate science.

AR5 will take more than a year to be fully released. It will be unveiled in four different parts. The first part is being released represents a summary of the work done by what is known as Working Group I, which is why it is called WGl AR5. It covers the physical science of climate change and gives the big picture including things like temperature changes, sea-level rise and ocean acidification. The full WG1 AR5 report will be released on Friday October 4, 2013.

The first IPCC report was released in 1990, followed by a “supplementary” report published in 1992. The second assessment report came out in 1995, followed by more in 2001 and 2007. And now the fifth assessment report is being released.

Led by Rajenda Pachauri, the IPCC is a scientific group set up 25 years ago by the United Nations. The IPCC provides policymakers with up to date scientific information about climate change. While the IPCC does not do its own research, it assesses research in climate science and highlights the most important findings, and shares its findings in assessment reports. As part of the peer review process a total of more than 800 climate scientists from 85 countries contribute to these reports either as authors or review editors.

The science contained in these reports tends to represent estimates that are conservatives, consequently many feel that the report is understated. However, scientific conclusions are commonly conservative and understated.

The Working Group II report, or WGll AR5, will be released in March 2014. It will address the actual impacts of all that climate change and adapatation efforts.

The Working Group lll report, or WGlll AR5, will be released in April 2014. It will look at mitigation opportunities.

The final section, or what is called a Synthesis Report will be released one year from now in October 2014, it will summarize and consolidate the findings from WGl AR5, WGll AR5, and WGlll AR5.

Salient Conclusions from WGl AR5 Summary:

The IPCC is revising up its level of confidence that humans are affecting the climate from 90 percent to more than 95 percent. This is about as close to certainty as science gets.

Land temperatures continue to rise but the rate at which they are rising has slowed somewhat. One prominent explanation is that oceans have been absorbing more heat.

To see the IPCC AR5 WGl Summary, headline statements for Policymakers click here.

© 2013, Richard Matthews. All rights reserved.

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GRI G4 and Other Sustainability Reporting Guidelines Briefing

For all those for whom CR reporting or sustainability communications are important, the Ethical Corporation has compiled an excellent complimentary analysis. The 5 page report addresses the pro's and con's of the GRI G4 Guidelines. It also offers a thorough overview of other sustainability reporting guidelines (IIRC, SASB etc) which can help you choose the most material and relevant CR disclosure model, in line with your business.

This newly published analysis contains a detailed critique of recent Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) G4 guidelines. In addition to a review of GRI G4 advantages and disadvantages you will also get an understanding how GRI stacks up against other institutions.

This analysis reviews other reporting models including the International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC) and a newly launched American alternative the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB).

Valuable Learning Opportunity:

  • What CR reporting model to choose to reflect materiality of your business - Get a thorough overview of how key institutions setting CR disclosure strategies can assist you in your CR disclosure journey. Discover the main differences plus advantages and disadvantages of reporting against the IIRC, the GRI and SASB guidelines 
  • How to drive your business forward by making the most of the GRI G4 Guidelines. Everything you need to know about application of the guidelines with a detailed breakdown on materiality, application levels, new areas of disclosure, indexes to use, assurance and harmonizing with the other standards.

Gain Insight:

  • How the G4 can assist companies to improve their CR reporting and sustainability communication practices to ensure the key stakeholders are fully engaged with your CR work?
  • How the guidelines can address industry specific needs to make sure you report against issues material to your business?

Ethical Corporation provides business intelligence for sustainability to more than 3,000 multinational companies every year. They publish the leading responsible business magazine, website, and research reports. Their conferences are widely recognized as the best in the field of corporate responsibility and sustainability.

Click here to download your complimentary briefing so that you can stay ahead of the changes in sustainability reporting.  

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Radiative Forcing: Carbon Dioxide and Methane

Radiative forcing is the warming effect on our climate due to carbon dioxide (CO2) and other heat-trapping greenhouse gases (GHGs). In climate science radiative forcing is the change in net irradiance between different layers of the atmosphere. Typically, radiative forcing is quantified at the tropopause in units of watts per square meter. A positive forcing (more incoming energy) tends to warm the system, while a negative forcing (more outgoing energy) tends to cool it. Sources of radiative forcing include changes in insolation (incident solar radiation) and in concentrations of radiatively active gases and aerosols.

The World Meteorological Organization released a report which indicates that carbon dioxide is accountable for 85% of radiative forcing. While current CO2 levels are unprecedented, methane has also reached the highest levels ever recorded.

Between 1990 and 2011 there was a 30 percent increase in radiative forcing. It is no coincidence that the amount of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere has also reached a new record high in 2011

While atmospheric CO2 is currently more than 391 parts per million, levels of methane, known to be one of the worst GHGs, has reached 1,813 parts per billion. This new record is more than double (2.5x) pre-industrial levels.

© 2012, Richard Matthews. All rights reserved.

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Sustainable Production Defined

The Lowell Center for Sustainable Production offers the following definition: "Sustainable Production is the creation of goods and services using processes and systems that are: non-polluting conserving of energy and natural resources; economically efficient safe and healthful for workers, communities, and consumers socially and creatively rewarding for all working people."
Products and services are:
  • safe and ecologically sound throughout their life cycle;
  • as appropriate, designed to be durable, repairable, readily recycled, compostable, or easily biodegradable;
  • produced and packaged using the minimal amount of material and energy possible. 
Processes are designed and operated such that:
  • wastes and ecologically incompatible byproducts are reduced, eliminated or recycled on-site;
  • chemical substances or physical agents and conditions that present hazards to human health or the environment are eliminated;
  • energy and materials are conserved, and the forms of energy and materials used are most appropriate for the desired ends;
  • work spaces are designed to minimize or eliminate chemical, ergonomic and physical hazard.
Workers are valued and:
  • their work is organized to conserve and enhance their efficiency and creativity;
  • their security and well-being is a priority;
  • they are encouraged and helped to continuously develop of their talents and capacities;
  • their input to and participation in the decision making process is openly accepted.
Communities related to any stage of the product lifecycle (from production of raw materials through manufacture, use and disposal of the final product) are respected and enhanced economically, socially, culturally and physically. Continued economic viability does not depend on ever-increasing (i.e., unsustainable) consumption of materials and energy.

For more information from the The Lowell Center for Sustainable Production click here

© 2012, Richard Matthews. All rights reserved.

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Sustainable Business as Defined by Paul Hawken

In business sustainability involves living within certain limits, understanding interconnections (economy, society, and environment) and an equitable distribution of resources and opportunities. Perhaps the best definition for sustainability as it applies to business comes from Paul Hawken. According to Hawken*, sustainable businesses is defined as follows:
  • Replace nationally and internationally produced items with products created locally and regionally.
  • Take responsibility for the effects they have on the natural world.
  • Do not require exotic sources of capital in order to develop and grow.
  • Engage in production processes that are human, worthy, dignified, and intrinsically satisfying.
  • Create objects of durability and long-term utility whose ultimate use or disposition will not be harmful to future generations.
  • Change consumers to customers through education.
*The Ecology of Commerce. (New York, New York: Harper Business, 1993), p 144.

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Sustainable Development Defined

Sustainable development is concerned with the reasonable and equitably distributed level of economic well being that can be perpetuated continually for many human generations. It also implies using renewable natural resources in a manner that does not eliminate or degrade them, or otherwise diminish their usefulness for future generations.

The 1987 Brundtland Report also know as Our Common Future, is a 400 page book published by United Nations World Commission on development and what to do about environmental sustainability. This report see sustainable development as development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It contains within it two key concepts:
  • the concept of needs, in particular the essential needs of the world's poor, to which overriding priority should be given; and 
  • the idea of limitations imposed by the state of technology and social organization on the environment's ability to meet present and future needs.
Our Common Future serves notice that "the time has come for a marriage of economy and ecology, so that governments and their people can take responsibility not just for environmental damage, but for the policies that cause the damage. Some of the policies threaten the very survival of the human race. They can be changed. But we must act now."

All definitions of sustainable development require that we see the world as a an entire system rather than just individual parts.

© 2012, Richard Matthews. All rights reserved.  


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Sustainability (Sustainable) Defined

Although businesses have different ways of defining sustainability, in its simplest essence the word implies the ability to maintain a certain status or process in existing systems. The most frequent use of the term “sustainability” is connected to ecological systems. In this definition it refers to an ecosystems ability to function and maintain productivity for prolonged periods. Practically, sustainability refers to the coordination of economic, social and environmental, issues in support of the long term viability people and the planet.

Although sustainability is defined in different ways, by different groups, (ie: sustainable development sustainable community, sustainable society, sustainable agriculture, sustainable business and sustainable production) most of these definitions share a common reliance on living within certain limits.

Here are seven different but related definitions of sustainability: While this is hardly a complete summary it does encompass some of the differences as well as some of the similarities between definitions.

Merriam-Webster: Of, relating to, or being a method of harvesting or using a resource so that the resource is not depleted or permanently damaged.

Life Sciences: Capable of being maintained at a steady level without exhausting natural resources or causing severe ecological damage sustainable development.

Environmental Science: The quality of not being harmful to the environment or depleting natural resources, and thereby supporting long-term ecological balance: The committee is developing sustainability standards for products that use energy.

Ecologically: A means of configuring civilization and human activity so that society, its members and its economies are able to meet their needs and express their greatest potential in the present, while preserving biodiversity and natural ecosystems, planning and acting for the ability to maintain these ideals in the very long term.

EPA: Everything that we need for our survival and well-being depends, either directly or indirectly, on our natural environment. Sustainability creates and maintains the conditions under which humans and nature can exist in productive harmony, that permit fulfilling the social, economic and other requirements of present and future generations. Sustainability is important to making sure that we have and will continue to have, the water, materials, and resources to protect human health and our environment.

World Commission on Environment and Development: Forms of progress that meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needsn

Business: A project that is of economic, social and environmental benefit.

These are but a few of the many variations in the way sustainability is defined. The one thing that they may unite these and other definitions is the fact that sustainability is one of humanities highest and most worthy aspirations.

© 2012, Richard Matthews. All rights reserved.  

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