Showing posts with label survival. Show all posts
Showing posts with label survival. Show all posts

Climate Change and Biofuels on World Food Day 2012

October 16 is a special day for the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Each year at this time food becomes the center of attention and this year agricultural cooperatives are the focus of World Food Day 2012. The day is intended to raise awareness and understanding of approaches to ending hunger. The 2012 theme was chosen to highlight the role of cooperatives in improving food security and contributing to the eradication of hunger. Interest in cooperatives and rural organizations is also reflected in the decision of the UN General Assembly to designate 2012 “International Year of Cooperatives.”

Two major issues that directly impact World Food Day are climate change and biofuels. In 2012 climate change induced extreme weather has wreaked havoc on world food prices and threatens to increase global hunger. The use of agricultural lands for Biofuels have also increased the likelihood of global hunger. In the US, 40 percent of maize yields are converted to ethanol to power vehicles. The UN estimates that 1 in 8 people on the planet are now living in chronic hunger conditions.

Grain reserves around the world are dangerously low and key agricultural foods are forecasted to fall dangerously low in 2013 due to devastating droughts that have hit the US, Russia, the Black Sea region and Australia. Conversely excessive rain has destroyed wheat, maize and apple crops in parts of northern Europe.

The inadequacy of agricultural yields is partly attributable to large scale chemical-dependent farming. There is evidence to support the contention that ecological farming methods are more effective than the methods employed by corporate agriculture.

© 2011, Richard Matthews. All rights reserved.

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The Environmental Impacts of Refugees

The large scale movement of people from one place to another is a profound human tragedy but it is also profoundly environmentally destructive. Existing environmental problems are exaggerated when large numbers of people are forced to move from one place to another. The United Nations' (UN) World Refugee Day is observed on June 20 each year. According the the UN there are more than 30 million refugees and other persons of concern to UNHCR. UNHCR and other organisations try to help confine the impact of refugees with rehabilitation and clean-up operations.

The spontaneous movement and displacement of large numbers of people has significant impacts on the environment including deforestation. Trees are felled to provide support for rudimentary shelters, wood is collected to build a fire for warmth and as fuel for cooking. Problems associated with refugee-affected areas are not limited to deforestation, they also include soil erosion, and depletion and pollution of water resources.

Research on the environmental impacts of refugees demonstrate that huge sections of land can be adversely impacted. For example, at the height of the refugee crisis in Tanzania in 1994-1996, a total of 570 square kilometres of forest was affected, of which 167 square kilometres was severely deforested. An environmental impact assessment carried out in Zimbabwe in 1994, when Mozambican refugees had returned to their homelands, showed a reduction of 58 per cent in the woodland cover around camps. The loss of any forest cover is a major issue because of habitat degradation, the loss of ecosystem functioning and, often, reduced levels of income or a lower quality of life.

The welfare of people – whether refugees or local inhabitants – is closely linked with the well-being of the environment. In fact, the two cannot be separated.

© 2012, Richard Matthews. All rights reserved.

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Thanksgiving: Learning to Live in Harmony with the Environment

Thanksgiving is the perfect time to deepen commitments to greener living and more sustainable business practices. Thanksgiving is all about being grateful for everything we have, and it is only natural that we should show our appreciation for the environment by learning to be better stewards of the earth.

Thanksgiving traces its origin from a 1621 Pilgrim harvest feast to celebrate a successful growing season and survival after an extremely difficult first winter in the New World. At that harvest feast these Pilgrims from England ate with the Wampanoag Indians in a spirit of friendship and camaraderie. The Pilgrims owed their survival to the goodwill of the Indians, who had taught them how to survive by living in harmony with the land. It is time to revive that long forgotten lesson and address the daunting environmental challenges we face today.

Here are some simple tips that can minimize our impact on the earth. Thanksgiving dinner is a big part of this holiday ritual, so food is a good place to start. Studies show that most groceries travel about 1,500 miles from the farm to store shelves. The same distance covered by a car that gets about 30 miles per gallon, pumps out about 1,200 pounds of CO2. Most commodities arrive in bulk on the back of a flatbed, so the impact may be even greater. Using local produce can help to reduce the footprint of the food we consume and patronizing establishments that have engaged sustainable practices can help to grow a greener economy.

Avoid toxic cleaning agents are harmful to the environment. Use natural cleaning products like baking soda and vinegar. Your dishwasher uses about half the energy, 1/6 of the water, and less soap than you might use during hand dishwashing. Air-dry the dishes rather than heat drying them. Use an eco-friendly detergent or make your own non-toxic dishwasher soap by mixing equal parts of borax and washing soda.Avoid cleaning agents with phosphates that nourish algae which use up oxygen in waterways. Use liquid soap, add 2 or 3 tablespoons of vinegar to warm, soapy water. Mix 1/2 cup vinegar and 1/4 cup baking soda (or 2 teaspoons borax) into 1/2 gallon (2 liters) water. Use microfiber cloths can clean without chemicals.

To clean carpet stains, mix equal parts white vinegar and water in a spray bottle. Spray directly on stain, let sit for several minutes, then clean with a brush or sponge using warm soapy water. For fresh grease spots, sprinkle corn starch onto spot and wait 15 - 30 minutes before vacuuming. For a heavy duty carpet cleaner, mix 1/4 cup each of salt, borax, and vinegar. Rub paste into carpet and leave for a few hours, then vacuum.

Rather than using toxic chemicals like bleach to disinfect surfaces, use a natural cleaner like lemon. For tougher stains, squeeze some of the lemon juice onto the spot and let sit for 10 minutes, then wipe. Stains in cups can be removed by applying vinegar to a sponge and wiping. To clean a tea kettle or coffee maker, add 2 cups water and 1/4 cup vinegar, bring to a boil, cool, and wipe with a clean cloth. Rinse thoroughly with warm water. Reusable containers should be used in place of plastic wraps, (they contain PVC which ends up in landfills).

The threat from climate change is real, however, so are the opportunities to address it. This Thanksgiving, we should all be doing our part and give thanks to the people and businesses that show their support for the environment and act to make this world a greener place.

Happy Thanksgiving and a heartfelt thank you to those who support the transition to a greener economy.