Showing posts with label nation. Show all posts
Showing posts with label nation. Show all posts

Video - India's Use of Solar in Rural Villages



Solar lanterns are popping up in rural villages all over northern India. This An ADB-assisted project helps communities to study, do chores and lead more productive lives at night. Solar lanterns complement solar energy which is now present in many of India's rural areas. Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi has the ambitious goal of bringing electricity to the 400,000,000 Indians who do not currently have access to it. By 2019, says Narendra Taneja — Modi's energy spokesperson — every household will be able to run at least two light bulbs, a television and also cook with a solar cooker.

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Video - Iran's Renewable Energy Revolution



This 2012 video shows that Iran was already exploring cleaner energy two years ago. Iran may be an oil producing state that is at odds with the West over its desire to exploit its nuclear options, but the country is also investing in renewable energy and solar power in particular. In May 2014, Iran approved the allocation of €500 million from national development fund for renewable energy projects. Iran is diversifying its energy portfolio a necessity.and this includes growing amounts of investment in solar and wind. As reported in Cleantechnica earlier this year, Iranian Energy Minister Hamid Chitchian announced plans to increase Iran's solar and wind portfolio by 5,000 MW by 2018. This is an ambitious undertaking when you consider that Iran is currently producing only 200 megawatts for photovoltaic solar.

The Iranian government has allocated $60m this year to develop photovoltaic solar projects compared to just $12m last year. Large scale solar projects have been implemented under President Hassan Rouhani. One such project is located in the arid hills of rural Iran. The Taleghan Renewable Energy Site, 160 kilometres northwest of Tehran, has photovoltaic solar panels and parabolic trough collectors that concentrate the sunlight for energy conversion into electricity.

Iran is ideally suited to solar energy as it gets an average of 300 days of sunshine a year. Solar is also a great way to power rural Iran The government is offering subsidies for on-site (distributed) solar panel installation to ordinary families. Solar panels have been installed at some 1,000 locations across Iran, including the on rooftops of mosques, schools and government buildings.

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National Laws and a Global Climate Agreement

National laws are an important precursor to a UN climate agreement. Countries around the world are passing legislation ahead of the UN climate meeting in Paris scheduled for the end of 2015. These laws are essential for an international agreement. While some nations are passing comprehensive greenhouse gas (GHG) legislation others have passed sector-specific laws to tackle emissions.

A GLOBE International and CDKN Study found that there was a correlation between strong climate change legislation and high ambition at international climate talks. The study found that a total of almost 500 national climate change laws have been passed in 66 countries, according to the 2014 GLOBE Climate Legislation Study. All developed and major economies are expected to deliver emission reduction targets to the UN by the end of March 2015.

The US Environmental Protection Agency has announced plans to cut carbon from the power sector by 30 percent. However, passing climate and energy legislation in the US is impossible for the foreseeable future. Consequently the Obama administration has come up with a clever approach for a national climate strategy that unlike a treaty does not require the approval of the Senate.

One European nation that is emerging as a climate leader is France. The county has proposed a bill that will radically reduce greenhouse gases a total of 75 percent by 2050.

No nation has shown more climate leadership than Finland. On June 6 Finland approved a proposal for a National Climate Act that would reduce greenhouse gas emissions a total of 80 percent by 2050.

The UK government was the first to pass emissions reduction legislation in 2008 and they recently reiterated their plans to cut GHGs under its climate change act. Earlier this summer Denmark ratified a plan that will reduce emissions by 40 percent by 2020.

The EU will meet in October to finalize their climate and energy framework to 2030. Part of this initiative is an EU wide Emissions Trading Scheme that focuses on European energy and industry.

Senior Chinese officials indicated that they are working on proposals to cap emissions as are Ireland, South Korea, Mexico and Vietnam

At a UN meeting in Mexico earlier this year a resolution was passed by the majority of the 400 MPs present. These representatives hailed from 80 countries and they agreed to push for tougher climate legislation in their domestic parliaments.

The UN has released a set of guidelines for governments to follow when submitting their ‘nationally determined contributions’ to a proposed UN climate deal.

Christiana Figueres, head of the UN’s climate body, said that legislation was key in carrying forward a “clean revolution”.

She said: "Domestic legislation is critical because it is the linchpin between action on the ground and the international agreement."

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Denmark's Climate Change Bill

In June Denmark passed a climate change bill that will reduce emissions a total of 40 percent by 2020. The bill had widespread support from its coalition government. This is but the latest measure in a country that is a global wind energy leader. The country is also an international climate leader for its efforts to free itself from fossil fuels in its energy sector by 2050.

The country has a science based approach to managing climate change while at the same time focusing on the nation's economic well being. It is setting up a climate change council that will ensure the nation meets its goals both from a scientific and economic perspective.

This legislation legally binds Denmark to meet its greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets. It also give confidence to the business community which fears uncertainty and seeks to understand the regulatory environment in which they must operate.

Such broad legislation will have repercussions across various sectors. It will impact energy policy, industrial policy, economic policy, agricultural policy, land policy and forestry policy.

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Obama's End Run Around the Senate to Secure a Climate Deal

In an effort to bypass obstructionist Republicans the Obama administration is working on an international climate deal that does not require the approval of the Senate. A legally binding treaty would require the approval of two-thirds of the Senate. To circumvent partisan gridlock, in particular the anti science stance of Republican lawmakers, Obama is looking to craft a political agreement rather than a binding treaty. Republicans in the senate (alongside a handful of fossil fuel Democrats) will never ratify such a treaty. The sad reality is that these lawmakers, who represent less than 10 percent of the American population, have the power to kill a binding treaty.

This political agreement is being sought ahead of the December 2015 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (IPCCC) meeting in Paris.

By doing an end run around the Senate, the Obama administration will be able to avoid the fate of the Kyoto protocol which was approved by then president Clinton in 1997 only to be shot down by legislators.

The end run may have been in the works for quite some time. At the 2011 United Nations climate change conference in Durban, South Africa, it was agreed that the goal for the 2015 Paris meeting was an, "outcome with legal force under the convention applicable to all parties." However the US succeeded in changing the language at the 2013 conference. At the conclusion of the IPCCC meeting last year, the negotiating document removed language calling for a legally binding treaty under international law.

The political agreement being developed by the Obama administration is actually an updated version of a preexisting climate agreement which the Senate ratified in 1992.

Even if Obama succeeds in cobbling together such an agreement there will still be stiff opposition. Particularly vociferous resistance can be expected from the Conservative fossil fuel obsessed governments in Australia and Canada. Even the UK has back peddled on a climate agreement under Conservative rule, which calls one to question the intelligence of the white English speaking world.

If we are to have any hope of signing an international climate deal the US must be on-board. Without support for some kind of climate deal from the US it is very unlikely that other nations will follow suit. In the absence of a legally binding treaty, the Obama administration intends to use a name and shame approach to securing participation from other nations which is premised on global peer pressure.

The absence of a legally binding treaty will not please the EU and developing nations, however, there are few alternatives to the political deal being proposed given the legislative obstacles in the US.

President Obama is working within the framework of the powers allotted to him by the constitution. At the end of the day, a politically binding treaty is far better than allowing the process to be killed by the small minded ignorance of a few dozen legislators.

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Finland's New Legislation will Reduce Emissions by 80%

Finland has joined a number of other governments in adopting progressive climate legislation. Finland's new climate change act, will reduce emissions a total of 80 percent by 2050. Finland's Environment Minister Ville Niinistö said it will position the nation, "as a pioneer of low-carbon society."

The country's climate policy addresses regulatory uncertainty and provides a clear road forward for the business community. In addition to providing a predictable climate policy for business, it will also provide an impetus for low carbon research efforts.

The passage of Finland's Climate Change Act on June 6, 2014,  is not the nation's first kick at the climate can. In 2005 the country was the first to create a National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy. The document outlines adaptation measures for 15 sectors of the country's economy.

As Niinistö explains, there really is no alternative to ambitious carbon reduction. "If we don’t do smart green growth there isn’t going to be any economic growth on the planet."

To see the climate change act click here (PDF).

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Why France is a Global Climate Leader

France has shown the kind of climate leadership that sets an example for the world. Their crowing effort to date is new legislation that, if passed, would provide tremendous support to France's low-carbon, green economy.

The proposed bill is worth about €10 billion ($13.41 billion) and includes tax breaks, low-cost loans, and bonuses. The bill supports renewable energy, zero emission vehicles, and efficiency. The bill would reduce the nation's dependence on fossil fuels and nuclear energy.

The legislation has already won the approval of the cabinet and it will go before the French Parliament this autumn. It is expected to be ratified in 2015.

Energy

The bill would almost triple renewable energy from 12 to 32 percent, it would also cut greenhouse gas emissions a total of 75 percent by 2050.

Vehicles

The proposed legislation would offer grants for zero emission vehicles and home charging stations.

Efficiency

Under the new bill homeowners would receive compensation for 30 percent of the cost of thermal insulation from their taxable income, up to a maximum of €16,000 per couple. A €1.5 billion fund would be established to subsidize "zero-waste" and "energy-plus" (communities or buildings producing more energy than they import).

Fossil Fuel Taxes

France already taxes fossil fuel use including transport fuels and domestic heating.

Fracking Ban

The nation has also banned fracking, a position which has survived constitutional challenges.

Rio (2012)

At the 2012 Rio+ 20 meeting, Francois Hollande reiterated French support for the creation of a UN Environment Organization.

G8 (2013)

In 2013 at the 39th G8 summit held Northern Ireland, Hollande called on the leaders in attendance to cut carbon emissions and set an example for the world. G8 nations generate half

"There can be no growth or development that is not sustainable," Hollande said. "The G8 must do its part and give a strong political impetus to curb carbon emissions."

G8 countries represent around 50 percent of the global economy, and account for approximately 46 percent of carbon emissions released on an annual basis.

UN Climate Conference (2015)

Hollande has called for an 'ambitious' agreement at COP 21, the 2015 UN Climate Summit which will be hosted in Paris. As Hollande said at the G8 conference in 2013, "It is the responsibility of the international community as a whole to ensure the success of the negotiations."

Under Hollande's leadership, the French government has set an ambitious course which the wider world would be wise to follow.

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The Leading Clean Energy Nation in Terms of Both Investment and Installed Capacity

Many nations are moving boldly forward with clean energy investments and installations, but there is one nation that has shown unparalleled leadership for the last several years. The clean energy global investment total for 2013 is about $254 billion and one nation is responsible for more than one fifth of this amount. This nation is leading renewable energy investments and dominating solar and wind installations. They installed more solar and wind capacity in 2013 than any other nation on Earth.

The most recent data gives China the distinction of being the world's clean energy leader. According to the Pew Charitable Trusts’ latest report titled "Who’s Winning the Clean Energy Race?," China made more investments and deployed more clean energy than any other country in the world in 2013. They invested a whopping total of $54.2 billion and installed 191 gigawatts (GW) of renewable energy capacity. Despite a strong year the US came in second with 138 GW of installed capacity.

According to Bloomberg China installed between 12 and 14 GW of photovoltaic (PV) projects in 2013. This is a global record beat out its nearest competitor by one third and more than tripled US totals. China's installed PV capacity for 2013 beat out Germany's record of 7.6 GW which was set in 2012. The US installed about 4.2 GW of PV capacity in 2013.

Chinese firms now dominate the global solar market. Three firms in particular are leading the world, they are China Power Investment Corp., China Three Gorges and China Huadian Corp.

This prodigious solar growth shows no signs of letting up in 2014. The Chinese government plans to add an additional 14 GW of PV capacity this year more than half of which will come from rooftop installations connected to the distribution grid.

When it comes to wind power China is also a dominant player. China has been the world’s biggest wind power market for years. In 2012, the nation increased its wind production by 41 percent. In 2013, China led the world by installing more than 16 GW of wind power last year. This is exponentially more than the number two and three spots for installed wind capacity in 2013. Germany installed 3.2 GW in 2013 and the UK installed 1.8 GW last year.  In fact China's totals for 2013 are considerably more than the combined totals for the rest of the top ten nations in the world (16 GW vs. 12. GW)

China's total installed wind capacity is now at 91.4 GW. The next closest competitors are the US with a total installed capacity of 61 GW, followed by Germany with 34 GW.

Due to the government's ongoing commitment to wind, China will remain a world leader. They have raised the official wind target for 2020 to 200GW.

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Chinese Solar to Lead the World

According to a July 15 statement from the State Council, China will increase its installed solar capacity to 35 gigawatts (GWs) by 2015. The country plans to add 10 GWs of solar-power capacity annually over the next three years.

China is already the world’s biggest maker of solar panels, but it is suffering from oversupply. The expansion of domestic solar is designed to reduce the problem of oversupply that is plaguing the Chinese solar industry.

To achieve its ambitious goal China will help supply credit to profitable photovoltaic (PV) manufacturers, encourage overseas investment and offer tax breaks to solar companies that acquire others, merge or reorganize their operations. The government will also encourage partnerships between the makers of polysilicon (used to make solar panels) with chemical companies.

China's installed solar capacity is growing faster than any other country and it is expected that it will soon surpass Germany which is the current global leader.

© 2013, Richard Matthews. All rights reserved.

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US China Japan and Others Agree to Fight Climate Change

The world's two biggest economies and worst polluters have signed a groundbreaking agreement to reduce climate change causing greenhouse gases (GHGs). On April 14, 2013, the United States and China announced that they would accelerate action by advancing cooperation on technology, research, conservation, and alternative and renewable energy. In a joint statement the US and China said they “consider that the overwhelming scientific consensus regarding climate change constitutes a compelling call to action crucial to having a global impact on climate change.”

The joint statement acknowledges the urgent need for action to reduce GHG emissions and says, “Such action is crucial both to contain climate change and to set the kind of powerful example that can inspire the world.”

The two sides recognize the sharp rise in average global temperature, ocean acidification, loss of sea ice, and extreme weather events.

A similar deal has also been signed between the US and Japan. The deals with China and Japan reflect an action plan by US climate negotiator Todd Stern, which he outlined in a paper published in 2007. Stern’s plan was to work with the world's worst polluters and avoid the unwieldy geopolitics of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. This group would essentially impose a global deal on the rest of the world.

In addition to Japan, the US and China, the deal will include the EU, Brazil, India and South Africa. Bilateral deals with these countries are already in place, but the question is whether they will be brought to the level of the Chinese and Japanese deals.

The details of the deal between the US and China will be worked out at a Strategic and Economic Dialogue between the two countries in July.

© 2013, Richard Matthews. All rights reserved.

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The Sustainability Yearbook 2013 Leading Countries

Nine US-based companies, more than any other country, have been awarded gold medals for sustainability practices in RobecoSAM and KPMG’s Sustainability Yearbook 2013. The US gold medal winners include Molson Coors, Alcoa, Sonoco Products, Herman Miller, UnitedHealth Group, Baxter International, Waste Management, MeadWestvaco and PepsiCo.

Germany and South Korea were tied for second place with six medals each. German gold medalists are Siemens, SAP, BMW, Henkel, Adidas and travel firm TUI.

In South Korea, GS Engineering & Construction Co., personal products firm Amorepacific Corp., SK Telecom, communications company KT Corp and retailer Lotte Shopping set the standard as industry leaders. In addition, Hyundai Engineering & Construction Co. were also awarded a gold medal.

Australia, Taiwan and Canada were  represented in the top 10 list of gold medal-winning countries. While the US won the competition, the Asia Pacific was the best-represented region, followed by North America, Europe, Latin America and Africa.

For this annual competition RobecoSAM reviews the sustainability performance of more than 2,000 companies across 58 sectors. Each company is assessed on up to 120 financially material economic, environmental, social and governance criteria specific to its own industry, with a focus on long-term value creation.

© 2013, Richard Matthews. All rights reserved.

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Smog Pollution Mutes Chinese New Year Celebrations

The Chinese Lunar New Year is usually celebrated with a barrage of fireworks, but this year due to serious smog pollution problems, Beijing has been forced to scale back celebrations. In the Chinese capital there were 23 days of record breaking smog in January, which is twice the recent average.

Last year's pyrotechnical display sent 2.5 microgram pollution levels as high as 1,500 parts per milion in Beijing. This year the reduction of fireworks appears to have had a significant impact as Sunday's readings showed levels around 200 which is well below the readings of more than 700 that were seen last month.

The Lunar New Year's eve celebrations on Saturday February 9th started later than usual and they were shorter in duration. Fireworks are intended to scare away evil spirits but it seems that the Chinese have decided that reducing smog is more important that warding off evil spirits.

The smog was so bad in Beijing in January that schools canceled outdoor activities. The smog also caused a large number of respiratory problems, elevated blood pressure and heart complaints. This prompted the government in Beijing to shut down 103 heavily polluting factories and take almost a third of government vehicles off roads.

In addition to closing factories, and taking cars off the road, China is taking more serious long term action. Because car emissions are one of the major contributors to smog, China is putting a new gas standard in place that caps sulfur content.  This will take effect at the end of the year, with a grace period extending to the end of 2017.

As part of a drive to cut energy consumption by 300 million tonnes of coal,  in August 2012, China announced that it is planning to invest $372 billion into energy conservation projects and anti-pollution measures over the next three-and-a-half years. The government has earmarked almost half of that amount ($155 billion) for projects that reduce energy consumption.

China is already almost halfway to meeting its target of cutting energy intensity 16 percent below 2010 levels by 2015. They have also targeted a 21 percent energy intensity reduction for industry.

The State Council plan said steel producers must reduce their energy use per unit of production by a 25 percent over the five years, coal-fired power plants by 8 percent and cement manufacturers by 3 percent. Seven Chinese cities and provinces will also launch CO2 emissions trading schemes over the next two years ahead of a national scheme set to commence later in the decade

However more will need to be done to curb the soaring fossil fuel consumption that is powering China's prodigious economic growth. At present China is the world's biggest emitter of greenhouse gases (GHGs) However, the nation plans to cut its CO2 emissions per unit of GDP by 40-45 percent from 2005 levels by 2020.

To achieve these goals China has phased out thousands of old, inefficient factories and fossil fuel-fired power plants while becoming the world's biggest producer of renewable energy.

Despite these efforts China's GHG emissions continue to rise. In 2011 China's carbon output grew by 800 million tonnes to 9.7 billion tonnes, or 29 percent of the world's total CO2 emissions. These levels of emissions are expected to keep rising until 2030.

© 2013, Richard Matthews. All rights reserved.

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The State of Government Sustainability Efforts

We have seen some progress on government sustainability and government's environmental collaboration. One survey of senior policymakers and managers, indicated that more than half said their jurisdictions have appointed someone to lead sustainability efforts.

Despite progress, most government leaders have been woefully inadequate in their efforts to manage climate change. This is particularly true of conservatives. World leaders will only respond when there is sufficient popular support and right now they are lacking in political will and leadership.

One poll showed that more than three quarters of sustainability experts surveyed said they think it will take an apocalyptic event to move governments forward. Hurricane Sandy may prove to be a catalyst for change in the US. The disaster provides a tangible reminder of the need for governments to aggresively manage climate change.

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US Firms are Improving but they are Being Outperformed on Sustainability

According to The Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP), European firms are outperforming US firms in terms of sustainability. Although the United States has the most companies on the CDLI, Germany has four firms ranked in the top ten while the US has none. European firms like Bayer, Nestlé and BMW are among the companies that are doing more than US firms to address climate change.
The absence of government leadership in GHG emissions reductions means that the business community must work on their own to make meaningful progress. The leading US firms are Microsoft and UPS, both of which earned 99 points apiece, and a "B" grades for their actual results.

While the US may not be in the top ten, the latest survey suggests these companies are narrowing the climate strategy performance gap compared with the Global 500.

"The scores also show a market increase in the number of companies addressing these issues at the board and executive level," says CDP in its S&P analysis. "The data suggests that, in the absence of global or national regulation, business is stepping into the leadership vacuum and embracing climate change as a business imperative."

The average disclosure scores among the S&P 500 companies improved by 13 percent and far more of them were eligible to receive a performance score rating their credentials as a sustainable business investment. The top five S&P companies for carbon disclosure in 2012 are Microsoft, UPS, Hess, Pepco Holdings and Sempra Energy.

A total of 15 companies from the S&P 500 are recognized for their carbon performance. They include Ace, Allergan, Allstate, Autodesk, Bank of America, Best Buy, Eaton, Exelon, Intel, Lockheed Martin, North Grumman, NYSE Euronext, Pepco Holdings, Pfizer and Wells Fargo.

The Carbon Disclosure Project’s report concludes: “Those companies that have an awareness of long-term climate-change risks and opportunities reflected in their business strategy will gain strategic advantage over their competitors.”

For more information click here.

© 2012, Richard Matthews. All rights reserved.

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